The Czech Republic, a country steeped in history and adorned with architectural marvels, offers travellers a captivating blend of medieval charm and modern allure. From the romantic streets of Prague to the thermal springs of Karlovy Vary, this Central European gem boasts an array of cities that cater to diverse interests. Whether you’re an art enthusiast, history buff, or simply seeking picturesque landscapes, the Czech Republic’s urban centres promise unforgettable experiences.
Prague: UNESCO world heritage old town and castle complex
Prague, the heart of Bohemia, stands as a testament to centuries of architectural evolution. Its skyline, punctuated by spires and domes, tells tales of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque eras. The city’s Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site, captivates visitors with its cobblestone streets and well-preserved buildings that span nearly a millennium.
Charles bridge: gothic architecture and baroque statues
Connecting the Old Town with Malá Strana, Charles Bridge is an iconic symbol of Prague. This 14th-century stone arch bridge, adorned with 30 Baroque statues, offers breathtaking views of the Vltava River. As you stroll across, you’ll be walking in the footsteps of kings and commoners who have traversed this historic passage for over 600 years.
Prague castle: largest ancient castle complex in europe
Perched atop a hill overlooking the city, Prague Castle is a monumental complex that has served as the seat of power for kings of Bohemia, Holy Roman emperors, and presidents of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. The castle’s St. Vitus Cathedral, with its Gothic spires and stained glass windows, is a masterpiece of medieval architecture.
Old town square: astronomical clock and tyn church
The heart of Prague’s Old Town, this square has witnessed numerous historical events. The Astronomical Clock , a 15th-century marvel, draws crowds hourly with its procession of Apostles. Nearby, the twin spires of Tyn Church dominate the skyline, offering a stunning backdrop for the bustling marketplace below.
Jewish quarter: synagogues and kafka’s birthplace
Josefov, Prague’s Jewish Quarter, is a poignant reminder of the city’s Jewish heritage. Home to several synagogues, including the Spanish Synagogue with its Moorish interior, this area also houses the Old Jewish Cemetery, where tombstones are layered atop one another due to space constraints. Literary enthusiasts can visit the birthplace of Franz Kafka, whose surrealist works were influenced by the neighbourhood’s narrow streets and mysterious atmosphere.
Český krumlov: medieval gem in south bohemia
Nestled in the southern reaches of Bohemia, Český Krumlov is a fairytale town that seems frozen in time. Its well-preserved medieval core, complete with a magnificent castle, has earned it UNESCO World Heritage status. The town’s compact size makes it perfect for exploration on foot, allowing visitors to soak in its Renaissance and Baroque splendour at a leisurely pace.
Český krumlov castle: renaissance and baroque elements
The castle complex, second in size only to Prague Castle, dominates the town’s skyline. Its tower, adorned with vivid frescoes, offers panoramic views of the red-roofed buildings below. The castle’s interiors showcase an evolution of architectural styles, from Gothic foundations to Baroque embellishments. The Cloak Bridge , a unique three-storied structure, connects various parts of the castle, adding to its architectural intrigue.
Cloak bridge: unique Three-Storied structure
This remarkable bridge, spanning a deep ravine, is an engineering marvel of its time. Its three levels allowed castle residents to move between different areas without descending to ground level. Today, it offers visitors stunning vantage points of the town and surrounding countryside, making it a favourite spot for photographers.
Egon schiele art centrum: expressionist masterpieces
Housed in a former brewery, this museum celebrates the works of Egon Schiele, an Austrian Expressionist painter who lived in Český Krumlov. The centre not only displays Schiele’s provocative artworks but also hosts exhibitions of contemporary art, providing a striking contrast to the town’s medieval ambiance.
Karlovy vary: spa town with thermal springs
Known internationally as Carlsbad, Karlovy Vary has been a haven for health-seekers since the 14th century. This elegant spa town, with its colonnades and grand hotels, offers a glimpse into the luxurious lifestyles of European aristocracy. The healing properties of its thermal springs continue to attract visitors seeking relaxation and rejuvenation.
Mill colonnade: Neo-Renaissance promenade
The Mill Colonnade, a stunning example of Neo-Renaissance architecture, houses five of the town’s hot springs. Its ornate columns and ceiling frescoes create a majestic setting for the time-honoured tradition of “taking the waters”. Visitors can sample the mineral-rich waters, each spring purported to have different healing properties.
Diana observation tower: funicular railway access
For panoramic views of Karlovy Vary and the surrounding Ore Mountains, the Diana Observation Tower is unparalleled. Accessible via a charming funicular railway, the tower offers a bird’s-eye view of the spa town’s elegant architecture nestled in the verdant valley below. On clear days, the vistas extend far into the Czech countryside.
Moser museum: World-Renowned glassworks exhibition
Karlovy Vary is not just about spa treatments; it’s also home to the prestigious Moser glassworks. The Moser Museum showcases the artistry and craftsmanship that have made Moser crystal sought after worldwide. Visitors can witness the glassblowing process and admire exquisite pieces that have graced royal tables and presidential palaces.
Kutná hora: silver mining heritage site
Once rivalling Prague in importance due to its silver mines, Kutná Hora boasts a rich architectural heritage that reflects its former wealth. This UNESCO-listed town offers visitors a journey through Czech history, from the Middle Ages to the present day, with its well-preserved Gothic and Baroque monuments.
St. barbara’s church: late gothic architectural marvel
St. Barbara’s Church, dedicated to the patron saint of miners, is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. Its soaring spires and intricate stone carvings are a testament to the town’s past prosperity. The interior, with its medieval frescoes and stained glass windows, offers a glimpse into the spiritual life of Kutná Hora’s silver miners.
Sedlec ossuary: bone church with macabre decor
Perhaps the most unusual attraction in Kutná Hora is the Sedlec Ossuary, commonly known as the “Bone Church”. This small chapel is adorned with the bones of an estimated 40,000 to 70,000 people, arranged into decorative elements including chandeliers and coat of arms. It’s a haunting reminder of the transience of life and the artistic potential in the macabre.
Italian court: former royal mint and palace
The Italian Court, once a royal residence and mint where the famous Prague groschen were struck, now serves as a museum detailing the town’s numismatic history. Visitors can explore the medieval mint, royal chambers, and even try their hand at coin-striking, gaining insight into the economic forces that shaped Kutná Hora’s golden age.
Brno: modernist architecture and underground labyrinths
Brno, the Czech Republic’s second-largest city, offers a vibrant blend of history and modernity. Known for its modernist architecture and thriving café culture, Brno also boasts a complex network of underground tunnels and cellars that add an element of mystery to urban exploration.
Villa tugendhat: UNESCO-listed mies van der rohe design
A pinnacle of modernist design, Villa Tugendhat is a UNESCO World Heritage site designed by architect Mies van der Rohe. This functionalist villa, with its innovative use of space and materials, revolutionized 20th-century residential architecture. Guided tours offer insight into the villa’s groundbreaking features and its tumultuous history during World War II.
Špilberk castle: medieval fortress turned museum
Dominating Brno’s skyline, Špilberk Castle has served various purposes throughout its history, from royal castle to notorious prison. Today, it houses the Brno City Museum, where visitors can explore exhibitions on Brno’s history, walk along the castle walls for panoramic city views, and delve into the chilling atmosphere of the castle’s casemates.
Brno underground: 10-Z nuclear shelter and ossuary
Beneath Brno’s streets lies a fascinating underground world. The 10-Z Bunker, a former nuclear fallout shelter, offers a glimpse into Cold War-era preparations. Meanwhile, the Capuchin Crypt and Ossuary present a more historical perspective on Brno’s subterranean spaces, with their centuries-old mummified remains and artfully arranged bones.
Olomouc: baroque fountains and astronomical clock
Often overlooked by international tourists, Olomouc is a hidden gem in the heart of Moravia. This university town boasts a wealth of Baroque architecture, picturesque squares, and a unique astronomical clock. Its relaxed atmosphere and rich cultural heritage make it an ideal destination for those seeking to experience authentic Czech life away from the tourist crowds.
Holy trinity column: UNESCO-protected baroque monument
Standing proudly in the main square, the Holy Trinity Column is a masterpiece of Baroque sculpture. This 35-meter-high monument, adorned with religious figures and fountains, commemorates the end of a plague epidemic. Its intricate details and imposing presence earned it UNESCO World Heritage status, making it a must-see for art and history enthusiasts.
St. wenceslas cathedral: Neo-Gothic restoration
The St. Wenceslas Cathedral, with its soaring Gothic spires, is a landmark of Olomouc’s skyline. While its foundations date back to the 12th century, much of the current structure is a result of Neo-Gothic restoration. The cathedral’s interior, with its vaulted ceilings and stained glass windows, offers a serene space for reflection and admiration of ecclesiastical art.
Olomouc cheese: protected geographical indication status
No visit to Olomouc is complete without sampling its famous cheese. Olomoucké tvarůžky, a pungent soft cheese, has been granted Protected Geographical Indication status by the European Union. Local restaurants serve this regional delicacy in various forms, from appetizers to main courses, offering visitors a taste of Moravian culinary tradition.
The Czech Republic’s cities offer a rich tapestry of experiences, from the grandeur of Prague’s castle district to the modernist marvels of Brno. Each urban centre presents its unique blend of history, culture, and contemporary Czech life, inviting travellers to explore beyond the well-trodden tourist paths. Whether you’re sipping healing waters in Karlovy Vary or contemplating the artistic legacy of Český Krumlov, the Czech Republic’s urban landscape promises discoveries that will linger in your memory long after your journey ends.